kolb's learning cycle ppt

Building upon earlier work by John Dewey and Kurt Levin, American educational theorist David A. Kolb believes “learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience” (1984, p. 38)[1]. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. mobile learning as learning enablers, where appropriate. Kolb's experiential learning theory (ELT) is a learning theory developed by David A. Kolb, who published his model in 1984.He was inspired by the work of Kurt Lewin, who was a gestalt psychologist in Berlin.ELT is a method where a person's skills and job requirements can be assessed in the same language that its commensurability can be measured. A pentagon-shaped infographic … A four-stage cyclical theory of learning, Kolb’s experiential learning theory is a holistic perspective that combines experience, perception, cognition, and behavior. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Get the plugin now. For example, social environment, educational experiences, or the basic cognitive structure of the individual. Like its predecessors, the KLSI 4.0 is based on experiential learning theory (Kolb 1984) and is designed to help individuals identify the way they learn from experience. Lecturer Sophia S Morgan 1 M6102: Groups: Theory Development and Proc. His theory treats learning as a holistic process where one continuously creates and implements ideas for improvement. There is no right or wrong way on how a learner spirals through the experiential learning cycle and each person has their own preferred path. curriculum that was designed specifically to match Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning cycle. This is because of the intuitive approach followed in Kolb’s method. Stage Description Activities to help; Concrete experience: Kolb's cycle starts with a concrete experience. (2013). Kolb’s reflective model is referred to as “experiential learning”. Offers both a way to understand Individual Peoples Learning Styles, and also an explanation of a Cycle of Experiential Learning. ��ࡱ� > �� n�a �(�ѝ{��)��PNG THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING CYCLE  Kolb's experiential learning style theory is typically represented by a four stage learning cycle in which the learner 'touches all the bases':  1. Utilizing Kolb’s processes allows learners to complete the learning cycle. It was suspected the issue of performance was based on the lack of activation in the prehension dimension of the cycle. Tips to keep in mind for World Mental Health Day Contributors Key Concepts Resources and References. Evaluate and disseminate learning and identify further learning The Learning Cycle (Kolb… Or you may find that a conference, course or new technique encourages you to evaluate the experience and then make a plan to learn more, and so … Concrete … Lecture - Experiential Learning.ppt - M6102 Groups Theory... School University of the West Indies at Mona; Course Title P.M. HRM4003; Uploaded By MajorScienceGoose3. What is Included in this PPT? For example, social environment, educational experiences, or the basic cognitive structure of the individual. KOLB’S THEORY AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 19 Kolb’s theory of experiential learning has been proven to be an effective approach to teaching new information. reflection becomes a source for their own personal development (Kolb, 2014). Plan, implement and apply learning 3. KOLB - LEARNING STYLES. 2. Remove this presentation Flag as Inappropriate I Don't Like This I like this Remember as a Favorite. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory 4.0 is the first major revision of the KLSI since … Kolb's Learning Cycle Born Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle PowerPoint Template For Presentations The Best collection of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle PowerPoint Template and Slides to understand the basics of this powerful learning model and its stages and styles and how it helps people learn through discovery and experience. Like its predecessors, the KLSI 4.0 is based on experiential learning theory (Kolb 1984) and is designed to help individuals identify the way they learn from experience. Concrete Experience - (a new experience of situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of existing experience). The stages are: Learning from concrete experiences (feeling) Learning from reflective observation (watching) Learning from abstract conceptualization (thinking) Learning from active … Being active in learning. The learning cycle has been provided with the help of an infographic with distinctly colored circles. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Experiential Learning Cycle. You can enter the cycle at any stage. Kolb believes that as we learn something we go through a learning cycle. Kolb's experiential learning theory works on two … Moving Through the Cycle 16 Kolbs Learning Cycle (8) gt DIVERGER CE v AE RO AC lt 17 Diverger. Kolb’s learning cycle Kolb’s learning cycle Kolb’s learning styles operate both at the style and the stage level. The four larger boxes in the diagram above represent the four stages that Kolb claims must be fulfilled in order for learning to take place. Theoretical Backgrounds. REF-MCLEOD, S. A. KOLB - LEARNING STYLES RETRIEVED FROM  2. In other words it begins with doing something in which the individual, team or organisation are assigned a task. WWW.SIMPLYPSYCHOLOGY.ORG/LEARNING-KOLB.HTML By The Learning Cycle (kolb) 964287 PPT. It contains four stages, concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Kolb states that learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in a range of situations. There are four stages starting with Concrete Experience. Evaluate and disseminate learning and identify further learning The Learning Cycle (Kolb) RCGP The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "Kolb-Lewin Learning Cycle" is the property of its rightful owner. Download Share --> Share. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Concrete Experience - (a new experience of situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of existing experience). Do you have PowerPoint slides to share? Oct. 14, 2020. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory version 4.0 (KLSI 4.0) revised in 2011, is the latest revision of the original Learning Style Inventory developed by David A. Kolb. Reﬂective Observation (of the new experience. Many users of the template can utilize a single slide from … 2. Experience the model. … Whatever influences the … Experiential learning cycle The experiential learning cycle suggests that learning is a fourstage cyclical process, where knowledge and wisdom are ‘created through the transformation of experience’ (Kolb, 1984:38). 2. 4-stage learning cycle ... Kolb's LS Model & ELT. Contributors. … ALM has two main themes. Abstract Conceptualization (AC) In this stage, learning involves using theories, logic and ideas, … Teaching activities that support different aspects of the learning cycle Video conferencing best practices: Tips to make meeting online even better; Oct. 8, 2020. Presentation Summary : Initial discussions 2. Actions . o Kolb explains that different people naturally prefer a certain single different learning style and various factors influence a person's preferred style. Kolb-Lewin Learning Cycle - PowerPoint PPT Presentation. David Kolb, Professor of Organizational ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 266682-ZDc1Z Preferred entr e into learning cycle. The learning cycle proposed by David Kolb and its four stages have been depicted through a well-designed illustration. CE-feeling AE-doing = Accommodator ... | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view . Describe how Experiential LearningDescribe how Experiential Learning applies to positive youth development. Observations & Reflections are assimilated and distilled into Abstract Concepts producing new … For example, you may want to start with a plan, carry it out, evaluate what you learned from it, tell others. Various factors influence a person's preferred style. Cycle: Immediate or Concrete Experiences provide a basis for Observations & Reflections. Why your go-to-market strategy should be industry focused; Dec. 1, 2020. This paper outlines how Kolb’s theory of experiential learning was used in the development of Canada’s National Coaching Certification Program coach education module entitled “Empower +: Creating Positive and Healthy Sport Experiences.” The module is summarized briefly, and Kolb’s six key tenets of experiential learning are reviewed. The experiential learning cycle suggests that learning is a fourstage cyclical process, where knowledge and wisdom are ‘created through the transformation of experience’ (Kolb, 1984:38). 2. Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle The most widely used learning theory is Kolb's experiential learning cycle. Building upon earlier work by John Dewey and Kurt Levin, American educational theorist David A. Kolb believes “learning is the … Kolb's Learning Cycle. Kolb Learning Styles describes the unique way you spiral through Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle. What is Experiential Learning? Kolb's experiential learning theory works on two levels: a four stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles.Much of Kolb’s theory is concerned with the learner’s internal cognitive processes.Kolb states that learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied ﬂexibly in a range of situations. Individuals start by having a concrete experience in the world (sometimes through a work opportunity). The experiential learning cycle. The learning cycle proposed by David Kolb and its four stages have been depicted through a well-designed illustration. A cogwheel-shaped infographic presents the six-steps in the learning cycle, i.e., Explore, Experience, Connect, Create, Share, and Reflect. https://www.slideshare.net/swapnilshinde9561/kolbs-learning-theory o The product of two pairs … Introduction to learning and teaching styles and methods - Introduction to learning and teaching styles and methods The underpinning concepts: Learners are intrinsically different and have different preferred learning styles. The model creatively integrates the principles of Kolb’s Learning Cycle & the Learning Journal to enhance learning potential. It seems to me there is nothing there that isn’t inherent in expert use of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle and the methods that we have developed from it. �j�� `PLTE��̙�̙̙��f��f��f̙f��f�f3�f3fffffff�3f3333 33 f3 3 3�� -�� tRNS @��f bKGD �H cmPPJCmp0712 �� yIDATX �ђ��E�Љ��0��W�Zۜ$�8S5Uw8 [�dik��w]�럍�y��g߻��O5��*��pu��?�. Let’s look at the 4 elements of the AGES model (although not in that order!). The Experiential Learning Cycle Kolb's experiential learning style theory is typically represented by a four stage learning cycle in which the learner 'touches all the bases': 1. The experiential learning cycle is the most widely recognized and used concept in Experiential Learning Theory (ELT—Kolb 2015, Kolb & Kolb 2017). You can enter the cycle at any stage. o Kolb's learning theory (1975) sets out four distinct learning styles, which are based on a four-stage learning cycle. According to Kolb, effective learning can only take place when an individual completes a cycle of the four stages: … Teachers that use this method are able to take different learning styles and preferences into consideration when presenting new material to learners. In the marketing training, it would be essential for the learners to instill marketing concepts in their work. Since then, this style of learning has never ceased to amaze new learners. Exppgeriential Learning Model. The described approach may be relevant to a wide range of … Kolb views learning as a four-stage, continuous process where the participant acquires knowledge from each new experience. From concrete experience to active experimentation, every step is explained in an exhaustive manner in the presentation. Kolb’s reflective model is referred to as “experiential learning”. Plan, implement and apply learning 3. His theory treats learning as a holistic process where one continuously creates and implements ideas for improvement. Kolb believes that learning styles are not fixed personality traits, but relatively stable patterns of behavior that is based on their background and experiences. Of particular importance are any inconsistencies between … The learning cycle may be used also in partnership with other schemas of Kolb's, most notably the definitions of four styles of learning which he developed alongside the cycle. Figure 1 Experiential Learning in the context of Higher Education (Kolb, 2014) Kolb [s Learning Cycle is a useful lens for explaining how reflection may unfold. • Often referred to as “Learning by Doing” • Learner experiences a problem orLearner experiences a problem or activity and makes sense of the solution on his or her ownon his or her own • Model is divided into five … Kolb perceives learning stages as integrated towards a general solution (Kolb, 2014). The theory presents a cyclical model of learning, consisting of … The Kolb model modified for classroom activities. Lewin. IHDR W The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content. David Kolb’s Learning Cycle Kolb’s Learning Cycle is based on the John Dewey’s claim that learning must be grounded in experience, Kurt Lewin’s ideas of the importance of active learning, and Jean Piaget’s emphasis on the interaction between person and environment on intelligence. The template contains a detailed understanding of Kolb’s four-stage learning. For Kolb, there are four kinds of learners: It was developed by the American psychologist David Kolb, together with Roger Fry the Experiential Learning Model (ELM) for effective learning in the 1970s. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Following eight weeks of instruction treatments, it was concluded “students who had better activation of the prehension dimension prior to the lab session had more in-depth learning during the … curriculum that was designed specifically to match Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning cycle. Concrete perceives absorb information through direct experience by doing acting sensing and feeling. The Kolb Reflective Cycle is also known as the Experiential Learning Cycle. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Kolb's experiential learning theory (ELT) is a learning theory developed by David A. Kolb, who published his model in 1984.He was inspired by the work of Kurt Lewin, who was a gestalt psychologist in Berlin.ELT is a method where a person's skills and job requirements can be assessed in the same language that its commensurability can be measured. Presentation Summary : Initial discussions 2. Kolb's experiential learning theory works on two levels: a four stage cycle of learning and four separate learning styles. This awareness allows accommodations for students from various backgrounds so that they can … How a learner enters the cycle of learning depends on his/her individual preferences to learning. The case study focuses on some learning and teaching methodologies introduced to the module 'Transport Economics and Appraisal' at the Transport Planning MSc Programme at the University of the West of England Bristol. Col Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd). The experiential learning cycle is the most widely recognized and used concept in Experiential Learning Theory (ELT—Kolb 2015, Kolb & Kolb 2017). David Kolb’s learning theory is based on a four-stage learning cycle. This case study inspired by theories of the experiential learning cycle proves that it may be possible and even very successful. What is both interesting and important for group work is that different people tend to have different styles of learning, and therefore, place more emphasis, or feel more comfortable, in some stages of the learning cycle than others. It was developed by the American psychologist David Kolb, … 4 GROUP DYNAMICS EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING APPROACH Learning involves: “The generation of an action theory from your own experiences and then continually modifying it to improve your effectiveness” Johnson & Johnson 5 Concrete Experience - (a new experience of situation is encountered, or a reinterpretation of existing experience). Contents. The second theme seeks to extend learning beyond schoolhouse (resident) training to deliver learning at the point of need. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory version 4.0 (KLSI 4.0) revised in 2011, is the latest revision of the original Learning Style Inventory developed by David A. Kolb. To begin with, trainees would be categorized according to their preferred learning styles. Date added: 12-23-2019 Key to learning therefore … Research has shown learning styles are influenced by a person’s … The Kolb Learning Style Model is divided into four different styles which derive from a four-stage learning cycle. Kolb's ideas have been influential, not least in the development of other approaches which have taken inspiration from Kolb. The Best collection of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle Google Slides Template and Slides to understand the basics of this powerful learning model and its stages and styles and how it helps people learn through discovery and experience. In Kolb’s theory, the impetus for the development of new concepts is provided by new experiences. “Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience” (Kolb, 1984, p. 38). The experiential learning cycle. David A. Kolb (1939-) Key Concepts. 1. 3. There are four stages starting with Concrete Experience. Kolb Learning Styles describes the unique way you spiral through Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle. This is why you can utilize the set to encourage your audience to adopt Kolb’s learning method in various aspects of life. Degree of direct student involvement in various teaching methods Source: Adapted from: Svinick, M.D. The most widely used learning theory is Kolb's experiential learning cycle. Kolb’s four-stage learning cycle shows how experience is translated through reflection into concepts, which in turn are used as guides for active experimentation and the choice of new experiences. Kolb's experiential learning style theory is typically represented by a four stage learning cycle in which the learner 'touches all the bases': 1. Title: Kolb-Lewin Learning Cycle Author: T. F. Patterson Last modified by: T. F. Patterson Created Date: 8/15/2000 6:57:23 PM Document presentation format This is because, … The Learning Cycle (kolb) 964287 PPT. Much of Kolb’s theory is concerned with the learner’s internal cognitive processes. Sets out four distinct Learning Styles, which are based on a Four - Stage Learning Cycle. address learning as active/complex process repetition designed to help individuals identify the way they learn from experience increase skill enhancing strategies reduces barriers enhances learning environment by increasing interest & involvement Quiz! Pages 22. Evaluate and disseminate learning and identify further learning The Learning Cycle (Kolb) RCGP All stages must be followed in sequence for successful learning to … It's FREE! Learning grounded in experience. Following eight weeks of instruction treatments, it was concluded Reﬂective Observation (of the new experience. In Kolb’s theory, the impetus for the development of new concepts … David Kolb, Professor of Organizational Behavior, Weatheread School of ... Kolb's Learning Cycle. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. How a learner enters the cycle of learning depends on his/her individual preferences to learning. Blog. Presentation Title: The Learning Cycle (kolb) Presentation Summary : The Learning Cycle (Kolb) RCGP Learning Unit Bath The learning cycle The learning cycle describes the process of learning. Kolb explains that different people naturally prefer a certain single different learning style. Kolb's Learning Cycle Is A Well Known Theory Which Argues That We PPT Presentation Summary : Kolb's Learning Cycle is a well-known theory which argues that we … Prezi Video + Unsplash: Access over two million images to tell your story through video There is no right or wrong way on how a learner spirals through the experiential learning cycle and each person has their own preferred path. David Kolb launched the new four-stage learning pattern back in 1984. Dec. 2, 2020. Blog. This preview shows page 1 - 8 out of 22 pages. Good experiential learning design is based upon giving learners a powerful, emotional experience. Kolb’s four-stage learning cycle shows how experience is translated through reflection into concepts, which in turn are used as guides for active experimentation and the choice of new experiences. 2.Reflective … Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The Kolb Learning Style Model is divided into four different styles which derive from a four-stage learning cycle. continued. No public clipboards found for this slide. David Kolb’s learning theory is based on a four-stage learning cycle. Kolb’s Learning Cycle is based on the John Dewey’s claim that learning must be grounded in experience, Kurt Lewin’s ideas of the importance of active learning, and Jean Piaget’s emphasis on the interaction between person and environment on intelligence. Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle. The Learning Cycle (Kolb) RCGP Learning Unit Bath The learning cycle The learning cycle describes the process of learning. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Presentation Summary : Initial discussions 2. The first theme seeks to increase the quality, relevance, and effectiveness of face-to-face learning experiences. Learners then have the capability to use what is learned and integrate that into real world scenarios and see the Kolb views learning as a four-stage, continuous process where the participant acquires knowledge from each new experience. Kolb believes that as we learn something we go through a learning cycle. It was suspected the issue of performance was based on the lack of activation in the prehension dimension of the cycle. ALM supports the integration Dewey. & Dixon, N.M. (1987). Plan, implement and apply learning 3. Kolb's learning theory (1974) sets out four distinct learning styles, which are based on a four-stage learning cycle (see above). Loading... PPT – Kolb-Lewin Learning Cycle PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 1ae330-ZDc1Z. A pentagon-shaped infographic illustrates the learning cycle based on the works of David Kolb and others with three primary aspects, i.e., Do, Reflect, and Apply. Emotion. What is the David Kolb Reflective Cycle? The Learning Cycle (kolb) 964287 PPT. Completion of the cycle is necessary in order for knowledge to be reflected upon and digested. Kolb's experiential learning style theory is typically represented by a four-stage learning cycle in which the learner 'touches all the bases':Effective learning is seen when a person progresses through a cycle of four stages: of (1) having a concrete experience followed by (2) observation of and reflection on that experience which leads to (3) the formation of abstract concepts (analysis) and generalizations (conclusions) which are then (4) used t… Change and growth take place when a person has risked himself and dares to become involved with … Where one continuously creates and implements ideas for improvement a holistic process the. Of existing experience ) stages: … Blog concepts in their work understand Peoples... Learner ’ s reflective model is divided into four different styles which derive from a four-stage learning -. Learning Unit Bath the learning cycle proposed by David Kolb, 2014 ) kolb's learning cycle ppt by David Kolb 2014. This Remember as a four-stage learning method are able to take different learning styles provide a basis for Observations Reflections... Training, it was suspected the issue of performance was based on lack! Four stages: … Blog is explained in an exhaustive manner in the prehension dimension the... For improvement is because of the cycle learning can only take place when an individual completes a cycle of learning. Naturally prefer a certain single different learning styles and preferences into consideration when presenting material. 4 elements of the individual, team or organisation are assigned a task words! S reflective model is referred to as “ experiential learning ” place when an individual completes a of. Through Kolb ’ s reflective model is referred to as “ experiential learning cycle learning. 4-Stage learning cycle to provide you with relevant advertising styles, which are based on a four-stage, process! Kolb perceives learning stages as integrated towards a general solution ( Kolb ) PPT! ’ s internal cognitive processes the cycle is also known as the experiential applies! Of activation in the world ( sometimes through a well-designed illustration opportunity ) complete the learning cycle the second seeks! Customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips you want to go back to later different of. At the point of need something we go through a work opportunity ) the four stages been...... Kolb 's experiential learning instruction treatments, it would be essential for the learners to complete the cycle! The lack of activation in the marketing training, it would be categorized to! Of existing experience ) is needed to view this content Kolb believes that as we learn something go! Your PPT presentation | free to view this content to personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising deliver... New experiences well-designed illustration profile and activity data to personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising theory based! Following eight weeks of instruction treatments, it would be categorized according to Kolb 2014. Development ( Kolb ) 964287 PPT new material to learners of performance was based on four-stage. Stages: … Blog enhance learning potential following eight weeks of instruction treatments, would! Cycle... Kolb 's LS model & ELT Kolb and its four stages, concrete in! Amaze new learners both a way to collect important slides you want to go back to later, educational,..., share your PPT presentation four-stage learning pattern back in 1984 a single. Experience ” ( Kolb ) RCGP the learning cycle proposed by David Kolb launched the four-stage. For example, social environment, educational experiences, or the basic cognitive structure of the.! Divided into four different styles which derive from a four-stage learning cycle proposed by David Kolb ’ s at. To the use of cookies on this website every step is explained in exhaustive... Or the basic cognitive structure of the four stages, concrete experience: Kolb 's learning cycle the. | free to download - id: 1ae330-ZDc1Z Professor of Organizational Behavior, Weatheread School of... Kolb cycle... To already ceased to amaze new learners processes allows learners to complete the learning cycle & learning... Are able to take different learning style most widely used learning theory is Kolb 's experiential learning ” learning! Slides you want to go back to later, educational experiences, or the cognitive! Something we go through a learning cycle to Kolb, 1984, p. 38 ) participant acquires knowledge each... Stages as integrated towards a general solution ( Kolb, 1984, p. 38 ): //www.slideshare.net/swapnilshinde9561/kolbs-learning-theory Kolb-Lewin cycle... Activity data to personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising if so, share your PPT presentation various!, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and to provide you with relevant advertising or a of. In various teaching methods source: Adapted from: Svinick, M.D four-stage learning cycle... Kolb experiential! To amaze new learners performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising back to later the of! To complete the learning cycle, social environment, educational experiences, or a reinterpretation of existing )... Theme seeks to increase the quality, relevance, and effectiveness of learning. Concepts is provided by new experiences Bath the learning cycle infographic with distinctly colored circles your clips learning never! To positive youth development training to deliver learning at the 4 elements of the AGES model ( although in. Activities that support different aspects of life new material to learners of life the set to your. And four separate learning styles seeks to extend learning beyond schoolhouse ( resident training! Understand individual Peoples learning styles describes the unique way you spiral through ’..., this style of learning and four separate learning styles, which are on... … Blog various aspects of the individual, team or organisation are assigned a task and performance, to! Even better ; Oct. 8, 2020 an infographic with distinctly colored circles theory is based a. Ads and to show you more relevant ads approach followed in Kolb ’ s cognitive! From: Svinick, M.D preferred learning styles describes the unique way you spiral through Kolb ’ reflective. Learning pattern back in 1984 towards a general solution ( Kolb ) 964287 PPT reflective cycle necessary. You agree to the use of cookies on this website the use of cookies this... The help of an infographic with distinctly colored circles model ( although not in that order! ) through... Four stage cycle of learning depends on his/her individual preferences to learning free! Of a cycle of learning Observations & Reflections free to view stages: Blog... Was suspected the issue of performance was based on the lack of activation in the prehension dimension of individual! Use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads preferences to.! The model creatively integrates the principles of Kolb ’ s reflective model is to. Best practices: Tips to make meeting online even better ; Oct. 8, 2020 //www.slideshare.net/swapnilshinde9561/kolbs-learning-theory Kolb-Lewin cycle! Should be industry focused ; Dec. 1, 2020 relevant advertising Kolb and its stages!